Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana Water Science Center
      Publication_Date: 20120525
      Title: elev_xxx_x
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: SIM
        Issue_Identification: SIM
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3205
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: US Geological Survey, Indiana Water Science Center
          Publication_Date: 20120525
          Title: Flood-Inundation Maps for the St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Indiana
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map
            Issue_Identification: SIM
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
          Other_Citation_Details: Menke, C.D., Kim, M.H., and Fowler, K.K., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3205, 7 p.
          Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3205
  Description:
    Abstract: Digital flood-inundation maps for a 9-mile reach of the St. Marys River that extends from South Anthony Boulevard to Main Street at Fort Wayne, Indiana, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Fort Wayne.  The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage 04182000 St. Marys River near Fort Wayne, IN.  Current conditions at the USGS streamgages in Indiana may be obtained online at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/current/?type=flow. In addition, the information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/).  The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated at USGS streamgages.  That forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.     In this study, water-surface profiles were simulated for the stream reach by means of a hydraulic one-dimensional step-backwater model.  The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relation at the USGS streamgage 04182000 St. Marys River near Fort Wayne, IN.  The hydraulic model was then used to simulate 11 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-ft intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage.  The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. A flood inundation map was generated for each water-surface profile stage (11 maps in all) so that for any given flood stage users will be able to view the estimated area of inundation.The availability of these maps along with current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post flood recovery efforts.
    Purpose: This dataset was created to support the development of flood-inundation maps for a reach of the St. Marys River in Fort Wayne, Indiana. This data set was developed for use with the National Weather Service's (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) website and U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Flood Inundation Mapping Program (FIMP) website.
    Supplemental_Information: Flood-inundation maps were created for USGS streamgage 04182000 St. Marys River near Fort Wayne, IN, which is also a NWS flood-forecast point.  The maps were created in a GIS by combining the water-surface profiles and digital elevation model data. The digital elevation model (DEM) data were derived from LiDAR data with 3.3-ft horizontal accuracy and a vertical accuracy of 0.12 ft. The initial resolution of the DEM with 2.5-ft cell size was later re-sampled to 10-ft cell size in order to reduce the GIS processing time. Estimated flood-inundation boundaries for each simulated profile were developed with HEC–GeoRAS software. HEC–GeoRAS is a set of procedures, tools, and utilities for processing geospatial data in ArcGIS by using a graphical user interface. The interface allows the preparation of geometric data for import into HEC–RAS and processes simulation results exported from HEC–RAS. USGS personnel then modified the HEC–GeoRAS results to ensure a hydraulically reasonable transition of the boundary between modeled cross sections relative to the contour data for the land surface.  The maps show estimated flood-inundated areas overlaid on high-resolution, geo-referenced, aerial photographs of the study area for each of the water-surface profiles that were generated by the hydraulic model.  For more information on data processing and checking procedures, see the full report at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3205.  Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. The initial target audience is the state and local agencies that must make emergency operational decisions during flooding events. However, since the graphics are easy to view, anyone with an interest during these events can make use of the maps, including the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Corps of Engineers (COE), state and local emergency managers, the media, and the general public.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 20110901
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -85.172812
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -85.105565
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.078951
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.987685
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: flood
      Theme_Keyword: river/stream
      Theme_Keyword: flood-inundation maps
      Theme_Keyword: high-water marks
      Theme_Keyword: flooded area
      Theme_Keyword: geospatial analysis
      Theme_Keyword: flood, flood inundation mapping, hydrologic prediction, hydraulic, modeling
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Board of Geographic Names
      Place_Keyword: Fort Wayne
      Place_Keyword: Indiana
      Place_Keyword: St. Marys River
      Place_Keyword: Allen County
      Place_Keyword: Junk Ditch
      Place_Keyword: Snyder Ditch
      Place_Keyword: Fairfield Ditch
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: USA
  Access_Constraints: None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. Users of this geospatial database and geologic   information derived there from should acknowledge   the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of the data.
  Use_Constraints: Uncertainties and Limitations for Use of Flood-Inundation Maps: Although the flood-inundation maps represent the boundaries of inundated areas with a distinct line, some uncertainty is associated with these maps.  The flood boundaries shown were estimated based on water stages (water-surface elevations) and streamflows at selected USGS streamgages.  Water-surface elevations along the stream reaches were estimated by steady-state hydraulic modeling, assuming unobstructed flow, and using streamflows and hydrologic conditions anticipated at the USGS streamgage(s).  The hydraulic model reflects the land-cover characteristics and any bridge, dam, levee, or other hydraulic structures existing as of September 2011.  Unique meteorological factors (timing and distribution of precipitation) may cause actual streamflows along the modeled reach to vary from those assumed during a flood, which may lead to deviations in the water-surface elevations and inundation boundaries shown.  Additional areas may be flooded due to unanticipated conditions such as: changes in the streambed elevation or roughness, backwater into major tributaries along a main stem river, or backwater from localized debris or ice jams.    The accuracy of the floodwater extent portrayed on these maps will vary with the accuracy of the digital elevation model used to simulate the land surface.  Additional uncertainties and limitations pertinent to this study are described in the document accompanying this set of flood inundation map plates.  If this series of flood-inundation maps will be used in conjunction with National Weather Service (NWS) river forecasts, the user should be aware of additional uncertainties that may be inherent or factored into NWS forecast procedures.  The NWS uses forecast models to estimate the quantity and timing of water flowing through selected stream reaches in the United States.  These forecast models (1) estimate the amount of runoff generated by precipitation and snowmelt, (2) simulate the movement of floodwater as it proceeds downstream, and (3) predict the flow and stage (water-surface elevation) for the stream at a given location (AHPS forecast point) throughout the forecast period (every 6 hours and 3 to 5 days out in many locations).  For more information on AHPS forecasts, please see: http://water.weather.gov/ahps/pcpn_and_river_forecasting.pdf.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: US Geological Survey, Indiana Water Science Center
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 5957 Lakeside Blvd.
        City: Indianapolis
        State_or_Province: Indiana
        Postal_Code: 46278
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 317-290-3333
      Contact_Instructions: Comments regarding the Flood Inundation Maps can be made here (http://www.weather.gov/survey/nws-survey.php?code=inundate).
  Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted the hydraulic analysis and GIS analysis to produce the inundation data. USGS and NWS provided the QA\QC review of the data. The project was conducted in cooperation with the City of Fort Wayne, Indiana.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: US Geological Survey, Indiana Water Science Center
      Publication_Date: 20120525
      Publication_Time: Unknown
      Title: Flood-Inundation Maps for the St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Indiana
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map
        Issue_Identification: SIM 3205
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Reston, VA
        Publisher: US Geological Survey
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3205
      Online_Linkage: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attributes for water surface elevation were input from the HEC-RAS model output data table.  Flow input data for the HEC-RAS model were obtained from the most current stage-discharge relation at the USGS streamgage 04182000 St. Marys River near Fort Wayne, IN.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: There are no unclosed polygons or intersections without nodes.  The ArcGIS geodatabase topology tools were used to make corrections using rules including no gaps, no duplicate lines with the same beginning and ending nodes.
  Completeness_Report: This dataset is complete; there are no planned revisions or updates at this time.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Used cross-section data points from surveyed data, accurate to the datum of the survey. As with any engineering analysis of this type, variation from the estimated flood heights and floodplain boundaries is possible. Details of the process used to produce this data can be found in project documentation available from the data contact person. Horizontal accuracy was tested by evaluating boundaries to best available topographic dataset.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Used cross-section data points from surveyed data, accurate to the datum of the survey. Vertical accuracy to the input Lidar DEM dataset. As with any engineering analysis of this type, variation from the estimated flood heights and floodplain boundaries is possible. Details of the process used to produce this data can be found in project documentation available from the data contact person. Vertical accuracy was tested by evaluating boundaries to best available topographic dataset.
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana Water Science Center
          Title: Flood-Inundation Maps for the St. Marys River at Fort Wayne, Indiana
          Publication_Date: 2012
      Type_of_Source_Media: online
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 20110901
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Menke and others (2012) 
      Source_Contribution: Numeric hydraulic model was used to compute water surface profiles at selected elevations along mapped reach. The water surface profiles were then used to generate the inundation map boundaries.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Flood-inundation maps were created for USGS streamgage 04182000 St. Marys River near Fort Wayne, IN, which is also a NWS flood-forecast point.  The maps were created in a GIS by combining the water-surface profiles and digital elevation model data. The digital elevation model (DEM) data were derived from LiDAR data with 3.3-ft horizontal accuracy and a vertical accuracy of 0.12 ft. The initial resolution of the DEM with 2.5-ft cell size was later re-sampled to 10-ft cell size in order to reduce the GIS processing time. Estimated flood-inundation boundaries for each simulated profile were developed with HEC–GeoRAS software. HEC–GeoRAS is a set of procedures, tools, and utilities for processing geospatial data in ArcGIS by using a graphical user interface. The interface allows the preparation of geometric data for import into HEC–RAS and processes simulation results exported from HEC–RAS. USGS personnel then modified the HEC–GeoRAS results to ensure a hydraulically reasonable transition of the boundary between modeled cross sections relative to the contour data for the land surface.  The maps show estimated flood-inundated areas overlaid on high-resolution, geo-referenced, aerial photographs of the study area for each of the water-surface profiles that were generated by the hydraulic model.  For more information on data processing and checking procedures, see the full report at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3205.
      Process_Date: 20120518
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Metadata imported.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: none
      Process_Date: 20120126
      Process_Time: 10580700
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection: 
        Map_Projection_Name: Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere
        Map_Projection_Parameters: 
          Standard_Parallel: 0.000000 
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 0.000000 
          False_Easting: 0.000000 
          False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000001
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000001
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.000001
      Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
      Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: US Geological Survey, Indiana Water Science Center
      Contact_Position: GIS Specialist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 5957 Lakeside Blvd.
        City: Indianapolis
        State_or_Province: Indiana
        Postal_Code: 46278
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 317-290-3333
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    This database, identified as SIM3205, has been approved for release
    and publication by the Director of the USGS.  Although this
    database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially
    complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant
    to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on
    condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government
    may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or
    unauthorized use.

    Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer
    system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or
    implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any
    other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the
    act of distribution constitute any such warranty.  The U.S.
    Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or
    incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.

    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
    purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

    Although this information product, for the most part, is in the
    public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in
    the text.  Permission to reproduce copyrighted items for other
    than personal use must be secured from the copyright owner.
    This coverage may be redistributed if it is not edited and is properly referenced. Disclaimer for Flood-Inundation Maps: Inundated areas shown should not be used for navigation, regulatory, permitting, or other legal purposes.  The USGS provides these maps “as-is” for a quick reference, emergency planning tool but assumes no legal liability or responsibility resulting from the use of this information. Uncertainties and Limitations for Use of Flood-Inundation Maps: Although the flood-inundation maps represent the boundaries of inundated areas with a distinct line, some uncertainty is associated with these maps.  The flood boundaries shown were estimated based on water stages (water-surface elevations) and streamflows at selected USGS streamgages.  Water-surface elevations along the stream reaches were estimated by steady-state hydraulic modeling, assuming unobstructed flow, and using streamflows and hydrologic conditions anticipated at the USGS streamgage(s).  The hydraulic model reflects the land-cover characteristics and any bridge, dam, levee, or other hydraulic structures existing as of September 2011.  Unique meteorological factors (timing and distribution of precipitation) may cause actual streamflows along the modeled reach to vary from those assumed during a flood, which may lead to deviations in the water-surface elevations and inundation boundaries shown.  Additional areas may be flooded due to unanticipated conditions such as: changes in the streambed elevation or roughness, backwater into major tributaries along a main stem river, or backwater from localized debris or ice jams.    The accuracy of the floodwater extent portrayed on these maps will vary with the accuracy of the digital elevation model used to simulate the land surface.  Additional uncertainties and limitations pertinent to this study are described in the document accompanying this set of flood inundation map plates.  If this series of flood-inundation maps will be used in conjunction with National Weather Service (NWS) river forecasts, the user should be aware of additional uncertainties that may be inherent or factored into NWS forecast procedures.  The NWS uses forecast models to estimate the quantity and timing of water flowing through selected stream reaches in the United States.  These forecast models (1) estimate the amount of runoff generated by precipitation and snowmelt, (2) simulate the movement of floodwater as it proceeds downstream, and (3) predict the flow and stage (water-surface elevation) for the stream at a given location (AHPS forecast point) throughout the forecast period (every 6 hours and 3 to 5 days out in many locations).  For more information on AHPS forecasts, please see: http://water.weather.gov/ahps/pcpn_and_river_forecasting.pdf.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: shapefile
        Transfer_Size: 2.920
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/
    Fees: none
    Ordering_Instructions: none
  Technical_Prerequisites: Data are supplied in ArcGIS shapefile format.  Format compatibility is the user's responsibility.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mailing address
        Address:
          USGS Information Services
          Box 25286
        City: Denver
        State_or_Province: Colorado
        Postal_Code: 80225
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS
      Contact_Instructions: Contact via email
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: http://answers.usgs.gov
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20120126
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20120518
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: US Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 507 National Center
        City: Reston
        State_or_Province: Virginia
        Postal_Code: 20192
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747  (1-888-ASK-USGS)
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
